When the latter is taken to be the correct name (there is almost complete consensus on that), Pinus abies is a homotypic synonym of Picea abies. has the same type as Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. homotypic (or nomenclatural): having the same type.A synonym cannot exist in isolation: it is always "a synonym of. In botanical nomenclature, the synonym of a botanical name is a name that also applies to this same taxon. For example, the scientific name of the Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, was published by Buren in 1972, and is a specific name that has been conserved, despite the fact that it this species was first named Solenopsis saevissima wagneri by Santschi in 1916 there are thousands of publications that had been published using the name invicta before anyone discovered the synonymy, and, in 2001, the ICZN ruled that invicta would be given precedence over wagneri. This is primarily to prevent the confusion that would result if a well-known name, with a large accompanying body of literature, were to be replaced by a completely unfamiliar name. The older name becomes a nomen oblitum, and the junior name is declared a nomen protectum. It is possible for a junior synonym to be given precedence over a senior synonym, primarily when the senior name has not been used since it was first described, and the junior name is in common use. Since the two names refer to the same description, they are objective synonyms. Unaware of Boddaert's name, Otto Antonius published the name Equus gmelini in 1912, again referring to Gmelin's description. In 1784 Pieter Boddaert named the tarpan Equus ferus, referring to Gmelin's description. An example is the tarpan (the European wild horse) which was described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1774. However, objective synonyms are quite rare. Thus each names a new genus with the same type species these are objective synonyms.Īt the species level, subjective synonyms are common because an unexpectedly large range of variation in a species, or simple ignorance about an earlier description, may lead a biologist to describe a newly discovered specimen as a new species. Objective synonyms are common at the level of genera, because two researchers may independently arrive at the conclusion that a species is sufficiently different from others in its genus that it needs to be given its own genus. ![]() Ord's name thus takes priority, with Antilocapra anteflexa being a junior subjective synonym. ![]() However, it is now thought that his specimen was an unusual individual of the species Antilocapra americana published by George Ord in 1815. Otherwise the synonyms are "subjective", meaning that there is room for debate: one researcher might consider the two names to refer to the same taxon, another might disagree.įor example, John Edward Gray published the name Antilocapra anteflexa in 1855 for a species of pronghorn, based on a pair of horns. Synonyms are "objective" if they unambiguously refer to the same taxon this is the case if they refer to the same description or the same type specimen. The rule of zoological nomenclature is that the first name to be published is the senior synonym any others are junior synonyms and should not be used. ![]() In zoological nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names that pertain to the same taxon, for example two names for the same species. Usage and terminology are different for zoology and botany. In scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names used for a single taxon.
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